Racial Targeting essays

Racial Targeting articles The act of focusing on people for police examination dependent on their race alone over the most recent couple of years has been an inexorably noticeable issue in American culture. Various magazines, papers, and diaries have investigated the issue of race-persuaded police activities. As of late, the ABA Journal did an investigation of New Jersey and Pennsylvania traffic prevents from 1998 to 2001, inferring that dark drivers were bound to be pulled over and captured than whites. The examination likewise digs into the lawful repercussions of the 1996 United States Supreme Court controlling in the Whren v. US case, which held that cops abstract inspiration for halting a driver on the parkway was insignificant up to a reasonable justification was available -, for example, a petty criminal offense existed for making the stop. The Whren court choice approved the guise stop, which happens when cops apparently stop drivers for petty criminal offenses however are in certainty roused by the l onging to acquire proof of different violations. Cops, be that as it may, contend that racial profiling is sound judgment and is reasonable, factually based device that empowers them to center their energies productively for giving assurance against wrongdoing to law an awaiting resident. In Taylor and Whitney, an examination researching the presence of an experimental reason for racial profiling and wrongdoing, they presumed that society must recognize the measurements behind crime percentages so as to comprehend the idea of racial profiling; such data is accessible in yearly wrongdoing reports. Measurements are realities and numbers which can't be questioned and give the experiential premise to racial profiling. The FBI Bulletin likewise tended to the need to think about measurements in tending to the issue of racial profiling. Be that as it may, not at all like Taylor and Whitney who contend for the utilization of insights to help racial profiling, the FBI Bulletin advances the use of measurements so as to red... <!

Dangerousness and Dangerous Offenders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Peril and Dangerous Offenders - Essay Example Dept. of Justice, and Canada. Wellbeing and Welfare Canada, 1984). Prohibitive measures then again allude to those practices that are utilized by the different establishments in the criminal equity framework to guarantee sex guilty parties don't reoffend again after their conviction (Howitt, 1995). These target shielding the general population from being annoyed and furthermore observing the guilty parties not to reoffend. A portion of the prohibitive estimates that are utilized to deal with these wrongdoers incorporate the utilization of sex guilty party registers, Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements, Circles of Support, and Accountability, utilization of endorsed premises, permit conditions, detainment facilities, situational wrongdoing avoidance, and treatment of wrongdoers (Marshall, Eccles and Barbaree, 1993). This paper will consequently look at the quality and shortcomings of these prohibitive measures to shield the general population from any sexual offense. It will additionally focus on the decency and viability of these methodologies in securing the general population. This segment will likewise investigate the harmony between human privileges of the guilty parties and open insurance remembering that these wrongdoers are additionally individuals and their privileges should be ensured as much as they merit discipline for their offense (Rainey, 2013). In the first place, sex guilty party register is one of the prohibitive measures planned for shielding the general population from sexual offense. It is a database containing records of those required to enroll with the police under the Sexual Offenses Act 2003 (Welchans, 2005). This incorporate people who have been imprisoned for over a year for having submitted fierce offenses a the individuals who are probably going to be in danger of culpable. Upon introductory enrollment, it is a prerequisite for the wrongdoers to give the police the accompanying data; their complete names, date of birth, street number, identification subtleties, bank subtleties and the national protection number. This register requires the guilty party to educate

Blog Archive MBA News Stanford GSB Tops Poets Quants 2014 Best B-Schools List

Blog Archive MBA News Stanford GSB Tops Poets Quants 2014 Best B-Schools List Last week, Poets Quants released its 2014 composite list of the top 100 MBA programs in the United States. In a big change this year, the Stanford Graduate School of Business replaced Harvard Business School in the top spot for the first time since the list’s 2010 debut. The University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School, Chicago Booth, and Columbia Business School also appear in the top five, with Wharton surpassing Chicago Booth for the first time in several years. Making the most significant positive shift of any program ranked, the Yale School of Management jumped five places to land at number 12â€"its best placement yet. The Poets Quants list synthesizes results from the latest rankings released by U.S. News World Report, Forbes, Bloomberg Businessweek, the Financial Times, and The Economist. Click here to access the full list. Poets Quants 2014 Top 20 U.S. MBA Programs Stanford Graduate School of Business Harvard Business School UPenn Wharton Chicago Booth Columbia Business School Northwestern Kellogg MIT Sloan Dartmouth Tuck Duke Fuqua UC-Berkeley Haas Michigan Ross Yale School of Management UVA Darden UCLA Anderson Cornell Johnson NYU Stern Carnegie Mellon Tepper UNC-Chapel Hill Kenan-Flagler UT-Austin McCombs Emory Gozuieta and Indiana Kelley (tie) Share ThisTweet News

Types Of Government By Thomas Hobbes Essay - 855 Words

Madison McMurray Mrs. Sauter World History/Block D 14 December 2014 Types of Government Through our studies, we have ventured to find innumerable varying beliefs regarding the duty of the government. Each of these beliefs exposed not only the honest beliefs of those who directly fought but also the beliefs of many who were or felt voiceless. In truth, there is no correct way to run a government but our ideas have most definitely progressed due to all of these widely shared ideas. Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Karl Marx both provide very different, opposing views of the government. The beliefs from each political figure stood to get them into tough situations and often punished. Their passion in each of their writings proved to create such controversy and provoke thought, making these writings so important. Thomas Hobbes employed that human beings were naturally cruel beasts, in need of harsh, strict civilization from the government. Each of his arguments in Leviathan mainly stemmed from this belief. If not fully controlled, the people would act on their vicious instincts. Hobbes fought each thing that may have suggested slight violence was an act of pure evil human for example, the need to lock a door or carry arms, which he explains in one of his writings. In the quote provided, he even explains the importance of imposing such â€Å"power and strength† onto others in order to prevent such malicious behavior. A specific idea of his was titled the â€Å"social contract,† in whichShow MoreRelatedThomas Hobbes And The Enlightenment878 Words   |  4 PagesSecond, what type of government is best? Thomas Hobbes, an Englishman born in 1588, is one of the Enlightenment thinkers. Hobbes wrote The Leviathan, published in 1651, observing the violence and behavior of people near the end of the English Civil War. He believed that monarchy is the best government. John Locke, another Enlightenment thinker, is an Englishman born in 1632. Locke wrote Two Treatises of Government, published in 11689,expressing his opinions on th e â€Å"state of nature† and types of governmentRead MoreAnalysis Of V For Vendetta By Allan Moore And The Norsefire Government1503 Words   |  7 PagesPolitical philosopher Thomas Hobbes’ had this sort of thought though- a supreme leader was the best way to create absolute sovereign and remove civil war within society. Hobbes believed that if citizens created a social contract, it would be the ideal way for citizens to live within peace and adhere to the law of nature. Within the graphic novel V for Vendetta written by Allan Moore and illustrated by David Lloyd, the aspect of their totalitarian government, The Norsefire reflects Hobbes’ ideology of theRead MoreImpact Of Thomas Hobbes During The Age Of Absolutism1009 Words   |  5 PagesThomas Hobbes During the Age of Absolutism The Age of Absolutism was a time during the 16th to 19th centuries where many political, religious and colonial conflicts were rising. Some philosophers began to analyze the ideas of their civilizations in depth toward the end of this time period as it led into the Age of Enlightenment. One of these philosophers was Thomas Hobbes. He had quite a few accomplishments during his lifetime including writing many books and supporting the popular belief thatRead MoreJohn Locke s Theory Of Government884 Words   |  4 Pages This essay will discuss and show how Thomas Jefferson’s theory of revolution follows the speculation of government from the philosopher John Locke. We’ll additionally discuss Thomas Hobbes’s theory of government. Both John Locke and Jefferson’s theories contributed to the American Revolution and to the Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson’s theory of revolution found within the Declaration of Independence follows John Lockeâ €™s theory of government in multiple aspects, as well as in bothRead MoreViews of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau815 Words   |  4 PagesEuro 3/9/13 Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Racques Rosseau were philosophers who stated their belief of human nature and how we should govern mankind. Although Rousseau was born a different time than Hobbes and Locke, they all had a very strong influence on the way governments should function. They created a revolutionary idea of the state of nature, the way men were before a government came into play. Each philosopher developed guidelines and responsibilities that the government is obliged toRead MoreThomas Hobbes and Modern Liberalism1505 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Thomas Hobbes is frequently credited as being a forefather to modern liberalism. With his beliefs on individualism, along with his agreeance and acceptance of intellectual and moral autonomy it is easy to understand why many modern liberals would agree with Hobbes’s political philosophy. However, Thomas Hobbes does not support the concept of a democratic government, rather he supported the notion of a absolutist government up until his death. Special attention must be given to Hobbes’sRead MoreThe State Of Nature And Government1315 Words   |  6 Pages THE STATE OF NATURE AND GOVERNMENT Chloe Holmeshaw BF190 Dr. Charles Wells October 11, 2015 â€Æ' The State of Nature and Government The State of Nature and governing in â€Å"The State of Nature† are two subject that Hobbes and Locke both discuss in their book. The enlightenment period was a time of Learning, new inventions, new theories, and new government. Two prominent figures that became known during the enlightenment were Thomas Hobbes (1588-1674) and John Locke (1632-1704). These enlightenmentRead MoreThe Seatbelt Law, By Thomas Hobbes, And Jean Jacques Rousseau1262 Words   |  6 Pagesthat everybody definitely should wear their seatbelt. Should the government be able to create and enforce this laws such as this one on the public? This paper will discuss the seatbelt law, the views of philosophers Thomas Hobbes, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and whether or not this law is ethical. THOMAS HOBBES Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) was an English philosopher who is best known for his work in political ethics. Hobbes had a pessimistic view of the human race, however his theory has beenRead MoreHobbes, Marx, and Shah1503 Words   |  7 Pagespropagated the idea equality and liberalism (Brians). Romanticism was an international movement which occurred after the Enlightenment during the late 1700s to the mid-1800s (Melani). It placed emotions at the forefront of human thought (Melani). Thomas Hobbes, a very early Enlightenment thinker, has a variety of ideas which do not coincide with those of Karl Marx, an early Romantic. The thinkers of the Enlightenment era, which was the 1700s, were philosophes, and â€Å"they believed that human reason couldRead MoreTwo Sided Coin: Thomas Hobbes vs. John Locke Essay905 Words   |  4 Pages Two-sided coin: Thomas Hobbes vs. John Locke There are always two-sides everything including people and the government, kind of like science vs. faith view. With Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, they give the impression to be on opposite sides when it comes to people, society and the government even and yet both were Englishmen. Hobbes was born 5 April 1588 and died 4 December 1679; he is best known today for his work on political philosophy. While John Locke was 29 August 1632 and died 28 October

Corporate Social Responsibility - 527 Words

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) also known as the â€Å"social responsibility† is defined by the European Commission as an concept where business integrate social and environment concern in their day to day activities on a voluntary basis. CSR has encapsulated the interest of one and all in term of economic, social, and environmental concern and it has become more and more important in the past years. As a whole the objective of this new law is to order business to pay 2% of their annual profit in form of contribution for the social and environmental welfare. For example, in the Mauritius guideline of CSR are in the following ways: †¢ CSR encourage companies which are registered in Mauritius to manage their day to day activities along by integrating economic, social and environmental welfare. †¢ CSR use the contribution given by the companies to support NGOS and national agencies. †¢ Promoting NGOS by supporting their work plan But the one and only question that every business leader ask is what CSR is and how this concept will be beneficial for the companies. Somehow CSR is still relatively blurred and a contested concept. According to Ramon Mullerat(2010) argued that it is the definition of CSR which is not clear and imprecise for the business leaders. Mullerat also argued that the concept and the definition of CSR will remain blurred until the concept is agreed and understand by all the companies’ owners. There are also various reasons why CSR is unclear: 1. It is a newlyShow MoreRelatedCorporate Social Responsibility : Corporate Responsibility773 Words   |  4 PagesCorporate social responsibility may also be referred to as corporate citizenship and can involve spending finances that do not directly benefit the company but rather advocate positive social and environmental change. The soul in the next economy forum presentation made it evident that achieving corporate social responsibly in a company can reap major benefits in terms of finances, more inspiring workplace and customer satisfaction. In the past, companies mistakenly thought that corporate socialRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility1990 Words   |  8 PagesCorporate social responsibility is becoming a key initiative and an essential tool in the growth of multinational corporations and the development of third world countries throughout the globe. The two concepts can work hand in hand to provide benefits for all; however difficulties in regulating and implementing corporate social responsibility need to be overcome before effective changes can be made. Definitions of corporate social responsibility can be somewhat varied depending on the perceptionRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility1904 Words   |  8 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility The different aspects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) have been the topic of considerable debate since the last decades of the twentieth century. Main factor for the increased interest on the part of stakeholders in this topic are the increased public awareness and interest in the corporate social responsibility following the Information Revolution. This essay will assess the dangers and benefits of the business ethics for most of the stakeholders – employeesRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Corporate Responsibility2819 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction For the past years, corporate social responsibility also referred, as corporate conscience has been a respected subject for discussion. Corporate social responsibility, unquestionably, contains more viewpoint than simply worried about the ecological impacts of associations. It came in people groups mind at the later 1880, time of essential modern advancement that associations ought to think about the thought of social obligation. Associations that are near to social obligation issues got toRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibilities2100 Words   |  9 PagesSustainability requires monitoring and managing all the person to ensure that our economy and society can continue to exist without destroying the social and natural environment during development. The sustainability includes three pillars, which are economic, social and environment, forming a triple bottom line. The triple bottom line demands that a company s responsibility lies with stakeholder rather than shareholder. The stake holder is a party who can be affected or affect by the action of the company suchRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility15903 Words   |  64 PagesCORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) is a term describing a company’s obligation to be accountable to all of its stakeholder in all its operation and activities. Socially responsible companies consider the full scope of their impact on communities and the environment when making decisions, balancing the needs of stakeholder with their need to make profit. A company’s stakeholders are all those who are influenced by and can influence a company’s decisions and action, both locally and globally. BusinessRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility3253 Words   |  14 PagesLiving Dangerously in Two Worlds In my paper I will be discussing the topics related to corporate social responsibility. Corporate social responsibility (CSR, also called corporate responsibility, corporate citizenship, and responsible business) is a concept whereby organizations consider the interests of society by taking responsibility for the impact of their activities on customers, suppliers, employees, shareholders, communities and other stakeholders, as well as the environment. This obligationRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Corporate Responsibility2819 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction For the past years, corporate social responsibility also referred, as corporate conscience has been a respected subject for discussion. Corporate social responsibility, unquestionably, contains more viewpoint than simply worried about the ecological impacts of associations. It came in people groups mind at the later 1880, time of essential modern advancement that associations ought to think about the thought of social obligation. Associations that are near to social obligation issues got toRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Corporate Responsibility2818 Words   |  12 PagesFor the past years, corporate social responsibility also referred, as corporate conscience has been a respected subject for discussion. Corporate social responsibility, unquestionably, contains more viewpoint than simply worried about the ecological impacts of associations. It came in people groups mind at the later 1880, time of essential modern advancement that associations ought to think about the thou ght of social obligation. Associations that are near to social obligation issues got to be worryRead MoreCorporate Responsibility And Corporate Social Responsibility Essay1867 Words   |  8 PagesStevan Jakovljevic Professor Laud MGT 3550 Values, Ethics and Sustainability 10/18/16 Chapter 3: Define corporate responsibility (CSR). Describe the benefits. Why do some executives support CSR while others find it troublesome and argue against it? Corporate social responsibility is what a company uses to self-regulate itself and refers to business practices involving initiatives that benefit society. A business’s CSR can encompass a wide variety of tactics, from giving away a portion of a company’s

Information And Communication Technologies Developing...

Information and communication technologies have lately significantly changed and improved, developing and implementing new means of communication (Muscalu, 2015). Effective communication is understanding both your employees and your customers. It’s ensuring that the right message is utilizing the right channel in order to reach your audience. Customer Relationship Management involves generating superior shareholder value by developing appropriate relationships with the strategic customers and customer sectors (Muscalu, 2015). Understanding your customers and how they fit into the hierarchy is essential for creating effective communication. The information that is gathered about your customers will aid in connecting with them and potentially open opportunities that an organization may not have realized was there. The adverse of that is that there are also many ways to poorly communicate and it’s these poor communication methods that can be the down fall of a company. It is not simply how you communicate with your customers externally but internally as well. Issues associated with human resources management, sales and marketing have also become increasingly relevant to call center operations (Jyoti Sharmaa, 2015). The proper training and internal informative communication can go a long way toward customer satisfaction. Effective Communication Introduction To ensure effective communication within a company and with employees organizations first need to understand all ofShow MoreRelatedUpgrading Data Communication At The Classroom1662 Words   |  7 PagesUpgrading data communication in the classroom would be an appropriate technological advantage because research indicates that broadband and cloud computing are transforming education. The outdated teaching tools that we grew up with (i.e. chalkboards and hardback books) are now being replaced with interactive digital content delivered through high-speed broadband using blackboard and e-books. This means elementary school students can explore the surface of the sun through high-definition video asRead MoreCompetiveness And Performance Effectiveness For Health Care It Systems1126 Words   |  5 Pagesof HIS and technology investments, plans, and implementations, all of which are significant to the future of the organization, as well as key to its ability to perform efficiently and effe ctively from quality and cost perspectives. Not only the technology can health when it comes to the success of the organization, but also the staff members must have great knowledge of the job they do. The purpose of this paper is to determine the characteristics and responsibilities of Chief Information Officer (CIO)Read MoreA Report On Mobile Technology1457 Words   |  6 PagesCenter to implement mobile technology in organization in order to increase the efficiency of operations by providing effective communication network and information system through mobile applications and mobile devices†. It will provide the opportunity to the company to resolve the issues related to communication and sharing of information. In this report it is planned to provide recommendations directed towards Computer Systems Support Center to implement updated technology which help the company toRead MoreDeveloping And Undeveloped Countries : An Best Type Of Communication And Network At The Curre nt Time1673 Words   |  7 PagesBackground UNICEF, who focuses on providing assistance to women and children in developing and undeveloped countries, emphasis on helping people in emergency natural disasters. Under the life and death situation, communication is one of the most critical things needed. In order to effectively respond to natural disasters, UNICEF has to select the best type of communication and network at the current time. UNICEF also has to concern about many factors. For example, the local network of the affectedRead MoreSynergetic Solutions Report Essay1037 Words   |  5 Pagesthat leaders need to consider when implementing change strategies. It will describe change models and the communication necessary to implement changes, following an examination of at least five resistance types . Finally, it will examine which of these types of resistance leaders are likely to experience and strategies to manage each resistance. Synergetic Solutions faced several forces of change starting with the main external forces of change in technology. Synergetic began with more work thanRead More Access to Information - The Widening Gap Essay example1268 Words   |  6 PagesAccess to Information - The Widening Gap The â€Å"Digital Divide† is a buzz phrase heard today in North America. It refers to the growing divide between people who have and do not have access to information specifically via the internet. There are various forms of digital divides but the one that is the most despair is the global digital divide between industrialized countries and developing nations. Optimists feel that the internet and information it carries brings potential to societies of developingRead MoreStage 2 Published 2012. This Stage Typically Builds Stage1582 Words   |  7 Pagesoptional requirement for physicians and hospitals in 2017 and required in 2018 [1].† The new optional requirements give EHR vendors significant challenges to deliver successful certification standards in the program. The ability of electronic prescribing medication, exchange and transfer patient’s health information electronically between one another, and report on clinical data. The information technologies and ad vancements will also enhance the performance and effectiveness of practitioners. ARead MoreThe Digital Of Digital Privacy1380 Words   |  6 Pages The term digital privacy can be defined as or explain as by using digital means protecting information of private citizens or business, In these days when people try to explain what is digital privacy mostly they refer to usage of internet or relate with it. This is the technology era, digital privacy is being discussed in related areas, and addressing related issues according in right direction drive towards solution and help to secure more data. Digital privacy focuses and depends on the mediumRead MoreThe Issues of Globalization on National Cultures of Indonesia1272 Words   |  6 Pagesto waive the space and time constraints to get the interaction and communication between nations can be done quickly. With the support of information and communication technology, globalization penetrated all sectors of life and make significant influence on world community. In the past, people only connect with the local culture. However, now hundreds of cultures around the world can be accessed . Indonesia as a one of the developing country in the world is also experiencing the effects of rapid globalizationRead MoreInternational Technological University ( Itu )1265 Words   |  6 PagesInternational Technological University (ITU) EM 900-3 / Engineering Management I Quiz 1 TOPICS COVERED: What is Engineering Management? / Globalization / Disruptive Technology The Strategic Use of IT to Obtain Competitive Advantage November 15, 2014 Instructor: Tom Tafolla, J.D. INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Anyone caught cheating, by any means, will automatically receive an â€Å"F† grade and will be reported to the ITU Academic Integrity Committee for disciplining. 2. You must answer all questions using only

Private Funds Business Structure Operations -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Private Funds Business Structure Operations? Answer: Introduction In this case the issue which has arose in that which type of business structure should be followed by John, Tom and Raj for the purpose of carrying out their business activities in a proper manner. It has been provided through the situation that they want to carry out business activities on a day to day basis and they also want to keep the control of the activities to themselves only. In addition the situation states that they also want to be restricted to a particular amount which they may lose in case there is any loss in the business. This advice is in relation to the several business structures which they may select in relation to their business activity and which is the best structure suited in relation to their activity. Types of business structures In relation to the issue it must be stated that there are primarily three kinds of business structures which are available to a person when they are about to carry out business activity. These are namely sole proprietorship, a partnership firm and an incorporated organization (Public or private). This paper discusses the features, advantages and disadvantages of the different form of business structures so that the best suited structure to John, Tom and Raj can be derived. A sole proprietorship This is the simplest and the most easily to operate form of business structure which can be availed by a person to get into a business activity. The features of the sole proprietorship are as follows. This form of business is owned by a single person. There is no distinction between the business and the owners identity. All elements of this business organization is directly controlled by the owner. The employer is entitled to all profits and also liable for all losses which had been incurred by the business personally. All the assets which are present in this form of business structure are owned by the sole proprietor (Schell, 2017). This form of business structure can only be run by one person although he may have employees. The biggest advantage of this form of business is that it provides great deal of control over the business. The greatest disadvantage which is possessed by the business is that the liability of the sole proprietor is unlimited. This means that the sole proprieto r may be personally liable for the loss incurred by the business. In this given situation it has been provided that there are three people who want to carry out the business activity, however sole proprietorship is only for one person and thus this is not suited. In addition there is unlimited liability in this form of business and thus this is not a suitable structure. A partnership This is a form of business structure which can only exists if a minimum of two people are associated with its functioning. The owner in a partnership business is known as partners. There are several features in relation to the business and the most prominent of which is joint liability. The partners who are involved in a business are bound to each others actions just as in case of an agency. In other words there is an agency relationship between the partners. In this form of business also the liability of the partners is unlimited. This means that they can be personally liable for the losses which have been incurred by the business. The control which the partners have in this form of business depends upon the partnership agreement. The business is progressed through the terms of the partnership agreement which contain terms such as the profit sharing ratio. The partners get the help of each other in this form of business which is not available in sole proprietorships. The biggest adv antage of this form of business is that it is easy to form, and has control (Dorrill et al., 2017). The biggest disadvantage of this form of business is the application of agency law were one can be held liable for the actions of others and the unlimited liability which the partners have. Thus as John, Tom and Raj want to limit their liability in relation to the business this form of structure is not suited for them. A company This is also a form of business structure which is used for carrying out business. A company may be private or public. The features of a company are as follows. One of the primary and most distinct feature of the company is that it has a separate legal entity. The existence of the company is totally different for that of its owners. In addition the liability of the partners in relation to the company is limited to the about of investment which have been made by them into the company only. However there is lot of legal formalities which needs to be followed in order to incorporate a company (Hannigan, 2015). These obligations are much more in relation to a public company where considerable legal compliance is required. In addition the level of control which a person has in relation to a private company is much more than what is there within a public company. There are several duties which are imposed on the directors as well as various financial disclosure obligation. Recommendations The best form of business structure which has been indentified for John, Tom and Raj is a private company. With the use of this structure John, Tom and Raj would be able to have control on business, limit their liability and carry out their day-to-day activities. Thus advice is in relation to the several business structures which they may select in relation to their business activity and which is the best structure suited in relation to their activity is that they should indulge in a private company form of business. Negligence is the failure of observing duty of care by one person which results in an injury to another person. The provisions of establishing negligence in Singapore are governed by the rules laid down through common law. Establishing negligence requires the satisfaction that all the three elements which are associated with it are present. These three elements as set out through common law provisions and particularly the case of Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) AC 562 are duty of care, breach of duty of care and causation. The eligibility of damages for which the aggrieved party needs to be compensated is established through the element of remoteness which was primarily brought to existence through The Wagon Mound no 1 [1961] AC 388 case. The presence of such elements is objective in nature rather than subjective and thus is done though subjecting the situation in hand to various tests. Every element may be analyzed by the application of a different kind of test which have been introduced into the legal world through common law cases on negligence. The first element which has to be established is of duty of care. Only when a duty of care is identified can negligence be established. The presence of the element in the situation can be done by applying the neighbor principle as set out by the Donoghue v Stevenson case or the caparo test which is set out through the Caparo Industries pIc v Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605 case. The neighbor principle states that a neighbor has duty of care towards another neighbor who may be injured by his actions. On the other hand the caparo test states that the element of Proximity, reasonability and Foreseeability has to be satisfied before a duty of care can be identified. This means that the person who has been injured has to be in proximity with the alleged wrongdoer and, the wrongdoer must reasonably be able to foresee that the injured person could have been harmed because of his actions. Breach of duty of care needs to be established when a person has a duty of care. This means the person who owed a duty of care was careless while complying with their duties. The breach may be established through the application of a test provided through the case of Vaughan v Menlove (1837) 3 Bing. N.C. 467 which is famous as the objective test. In this test in order to analyze the breach, an objective approach as suggested by the name is taken. A person reasonably would have taken more care than the wrongdoer is considered to state whether there is a breach or not. Causation refers to the actual harm or injury which has been borne by an aggrieved person. In terms of a physical injury a test which has been provided by the case of Barnett v Chelsea Kensington Hospital [1969] 1 QB 428 and is commonly called the but for test. As per the ruling of this case negligence is to be established only where the injury incurred by the other person has been caused only because due care had not been observed. In the given situation the application of the test helps to determine whether the act has caused the injury to the other person and causation can be established. Contributory Negligence is a form of defense which can be availed when a person has been charged with negligence. This defense can be applied in situation where the injured person has done an action which can be considered as contributing towards his own injury as discussed in the case of Revill v Newbery [1996] 2 WLR 239. The damages in negligence is determined based on its reasonable foreseeability and remoteness. This means that a wrongdoer is only liable to compensate the aggrieved party for those damages which can be reasonably foreseen by them. The provisions has been provided in the Jolley v Sutton [2000] 1 WLR 1082 case. In the case of Watts v Rake (1960) 108 CLR 158 the court provided the thin skull rule where it was stated that all injury occurring out of a negligent activity has to be compensated by the wrongdoer irrespective of unusualness. Application The situation provided that Sue was walking with her mother who was 82 years of age. They tow very big dogs barking at them who were behind a fence. It was noticed by Sue that although the gate of the fence was closed it was not unlatched. The two dogs managed to get out of the fence and attempted to injure Sue and her mother. A dogs were not able to bite them as their owner arrived in due time. However a severe heart attack was suffered by Sues mother in relation to the shock and she died. It is clear while applying the caparo test and the neighbor principle that a duty of care was owed by the owner of the dogs to any person who passed the fence as the dogs may have injured such person. Thus the test of proximity, reasonability and foreseeability has been satisfied and duty of care exists. In is clear while applying the objective test that a reasonable person would have not kept the gate unlatched while having two vicious dogs inside it. Thus the duty of care has been breached in the situation. In addition while applying the but for test it is evident that Sues mother would not have died if the dogs were in the fence. In addition although the dogs did not harm her she had died due to the heart attack caused from shock of the dogs. In addition a reasonable person could foresee that dogs can kill a person a person may be shocked by their aggressive nature. Thus negligence is present. Thus Dogs owner is liable to pay compensation for the death of Sues mother as per the skull rule and element of remoteness. Conclusion There is negligence done by the Dogs owner and he is liable to pay compensation for the death of Sues mother References Barnett v Chelsea Kensington Hospital [1969] 1 QB 428 Caparo Industries pIc v Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605 Donoghue v Stevenson 1932 AC 562 Dorrill, J., Schindel, M., Christensen, T., Ingle, A., Lewey, J. (2017). Partnership Law.SMU Annual Texas Survey,3(1), 321. Hannigan, B. (2015).Company law. Oxford University Press, US Jolley v Sutton [2000] 1 WLR 1082 Revill v Newbery [1996] 2 WLR 239. Schell, J. M. (2017). Private equity funds: Business structure and operations. Law Journal Press. The Wagon Mound no 1 [1961] AC 388 case Vaughan v Menlove (1837) 3 Bing. N.C. 467 A sole proprietorship